There is an age-old question surrounding the use of your electric radiator and it rarely seems to have a satisfactory answer. The question is “how much does it cost to run an electric radiator?”

It would be nice to be able to answer this question with an exact figure, but things aren’t that easier. It would be just as easy to ask for a general figure that applies to all utility bills ubiquitously. This is simply not possible due to the many factors that can affect one household’s expenses. Therefore, it would therefore be impossible to predict exactly how much your electric radiator will cost. Taking a look at German radiators will give you a head start though.

It is easy to assume that your electric radiator is just another electrical appliance and will pull energy roughly in the same way. While there are similarities between the power of the radiator and your television, for example, they will use this power in different ways. The television will begin to use power when it is connected and switched on. However, this is not how the radiator works. The radiator will turn on to warm a room to a desired temperature than turn off to save energy then on again to maintain the temperature set by the thermostat.

What else can affect the running costs of electric radiators?

Figuring out what the exact costs of your radiator will be very difficult because there are so many different rooms and situations where radiators are used. So better than asking for the exact running costs of an electric radiator, a smart consumer might ask about the approximate running costs of the electric radiator for your home.

Of course, every home is different and has its own special needs and challenges for keeping it warm efficiently. This means it will be important to consider what the major factors that affect your heating and energy expenses are and how you can minimise the costs of each one. Following are some of the major factors that will affect your home’s heating.

Home and Room Insulation

If your property is an older one it may have been built before modern heat-saving architecture and thermal barriers were installed in all buildings. This means that newer home of the same size will cost less to warm. Newer properties have building designed to keep the heat inside. There are numerous building regulations in place in this modern day and age that require better insulation in an effort to reduce energy costs across the board.

These higher standards mean that an electric radiator will not have to work as hard to produce the same amount of heat and keep the interior warm. Period properties are lovely and have classic charm, but they lack the proper double-glazing and advanced insulation features. Therefore, they will very rapidly lose their warmth. Electric radiators will have to operate at higher temperatures and more often to maintain the heat and this could be a costly thing.

Room size

Just as homes can be very different in their dimensions, each room inside the home can also be very different in their size and capacity to retain heat. Hot air rises, so a room with a very high ceiling will take much longer to keep warm than a home with low ceiling. Rooms with large open spaces will also require more energy to heat as the convection will take longer to reach the other side of the room. In both these cases, an electric radiator with larger wattage will keep the space heated comfortably and efficiently.

Property location and exposure levels

In a terraced house that has other properties on either side, the house in the middle receives a warmth factor from the residual heat being passed from either side. Therefore, the most heat loss will exist from the front and back of the house. In a fully detached home, this is not the case. All sides of the home are exposed and release heat making a detached home harder to heat.

 

Honey is a sweet liquid made by honey bees from the nectar they produce from flower pollen and contains 17 to 20 percent water and 76 to 80 percent glucose. It also contains fructose, wax, mineral salts, and pollen. The color and composition of honey depends on the type of flowers the pollen came from. Examples are white honey from alfalfa and clover; reddish-brown honey from heather; amber hue from lavender; and straw color from acacia and sainfoin.

An average bee colony is capable of producing approximately sixty to one hundred pounds of honey per year. Bee colonies are divided into a 3-tier organization of labor that includes 50,000 to 70,000 workers, a queen bee, and about 2,000 drones. Worker bees, responsible for collecting the pollen, only live for three to six weeks and each one produces about a teaspoon or 5ml of nectar. It requires 4 pounds (1.8kg) of nectar and about two million flowers to produce one pound of honey (0.454kg).

The honey making process starts off with honey bees working tirelessly to collect pollen and nectar from flowers to feed their entire colony and the process ends when the honey gets bottled using automatic filling systems to get ready to be sold. The nectar is broken down into simple sugars and stored in their stomachs. This nectar is then passed from one worker bee to another until the water content has diminished at which point it turns into honey which is stored inside the honeycomb. The unique design of the honeycomb combined with constant fanning by the wings of the bees causes further evaporation until a sweet liquid called honey is produced.

The Manufacturing Process of Honey

1. First, the honeycombs are removed by a beekeeper, wearing protective clothing and a veiled helmet and gloves to avoid stings. As soon as the bees in the honey chamber realise that they have been separated from the queen, they move to the brooding chamber through a hatch designed in such a way that it prevents them from re-entering the honey chamber by a separator board inserted about 2 to 3 hours before removing the honeycomb.
The beekeeper will test the honeycomb to see if it is ready by shaking it. If honey leaks out it will be returned to the honey chamber to mature for several days more. About one third of the honey is left behind to feed the colony.

2. Honeycombs that are about two-thirds capped are then put into a transport box and transported to a room completely devoid of bees. The beekeeper then uses a long-handled uncapping fork to scrape the caps from both sides of the hive onto a capping tray.

3. Next, the honeycombs are placed into an extractor with a large drum that uses centrifugal force to extract the honey from the hives. As the drum spins the liquid honey is drawn out and ends up against the walls. The extracted honey is then poured into containers and transported to commercial distributors.

Commercial Processing and Bottling

4. At the commercial plant, the honey is heated in tanks to 120 degrees F or 48.9 degrees C to melt the crystals. It is left to remain at that temperature for a period of 24 hours.

5. The honey is then flash-heated to a temperature of 165°F (73.8°C) and strained through a paper filter before being flash cooled down to 120°F (48.9°C) again. This procedure is performed very quickly in about 7 seconds. Although this heating procedure removes a certain amount of the healthful properties of honey, it results in a lighter, brighter colored honey that consumers prefer. A small percentage of about 5% is left unprocessed and unfiltered and merely strained as there is a market for this type of darker, cloudier, unprocessed honey.

6. The processed honey is then packaged in jars for shipment to commercial and retail customers.

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When it comes to the manufacturer’s warranty period and the battery design life, there is a level of confusion. When batteries need to be replaced sooner than expected, failing to last through the entire design life period, which may be five or ten years, a number of questions may arise. Warranty period and design life are different, and it is important to avoid getting the two mixed up.

To earn Eurobat Classification, all batteries must satisfy the necessary design life standards. As such, a battery, such as SWL3300FR, should be able to last through the period it is designed for if all the optimum operating conditions are met on a consistent basis. Meeting optimum operating conditions consistently is difficult, even though the service life of batteries is related to the working conditions.

Some of the main factors influencing the service life of a battery are discussed below.

Temperature of the Surroundings

Temperature is one of the most impactful environmental factors when it comes to the life of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries. As a rule of thumb, every 10 degrees centigrade increase in operating temperature cuts the life of the battery in half, based on field and lab observations. Operating a ten year battery at 30 degrees centigrade on a consistent basis will halve its useful life to five years if it is designed to operate at 20 degrees centigrade. The life of the battery will be calculated using the weighted average if temperatures fluctuate between these two values. When VRLA batteries fail to meet their specified design life, irrespective of the manufacturer, the main cause is linked to the operating temperature.

Extent/Level of the Float Charge Ripple

The performance and life of a battery is significantly reduced by excessive ripple on the direct current supply through the battery. Without connecting the battery, voltage regulation across the set up, the load included, should be better than plus or minus 1 percent through 5 percent to 100 percent load, under the state of steady conditions, as a rule of thumb. Where the system’s peak to peak voltage, regulation limits included, is within plus or minus 2.5 percent of the battery’s recommended float voltage, ripple type excursions, transient among others, can be accommodated. The current passing through the battery should not be allowed to reverse into the discharge mode under any circumstances when the battery is operating under float conditions.

Occurrence of Stabilisation Ripples

In cases where the system is stabilised by the battery whenever the requirements of the load are not matched with the rectifier’s capabilities, this type of ripple occurs. The condition which resembles shallow cycling is commonly seen in some static Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) systems. Optimum operational conditions should be sought from the manufacturer as normal battery characteristics are no longer applicable in such cases.

Cases of Deep Discharge

The equipment connected to the batteries should be fitted with disconnection features for low voltage, at the user’s discretion. However, in some cases, the use of such features may not be possible; for instance where maximum performance is necessary for safety reasons. Batteries that have undergone a deep discharge may have to be replaced in such cases.

Dead Batteries

The overall set of batteries is bound to be placed under extra stress in case any dead batteries are not replaced immediately. This means that the UPS may be supplying an under- or overcharge to the set. This will reduce the life of each of the batteries in the set in the long term, as they get damaged.

From the above, you can clearly see that the design life simply points to how long a battery might last, considering the many environmental conditions and factors, out of the manufacturer’s and user’s control, influencing the rate of degradation of batteries. In reality, the true operational life of a battery is different from the design life, due to the fluctuating conditions of the operating environment, even though you can expect a ten year design life variant to last longer than a five year design life alternative.

Having streak-free mirrors and windows around your home can be a challenging task. We end up spending our time spraying and wiping windows, mirrors or splashbacks only to realise that they are still as dirty as they previously were. This difficult task can be made simpler with the adoption of the correct cleaning methods and tools. This eventually leaves your windows and mirrors sparkling clean. If you’re looking for splashbacks in Hampshire, here are some tips on how to keep them -and your windows – sparkling clean. These tips will also save you lots of cash.

Start Cleaning From Top to Bottom

Start cleaning from the top of windows and head to the bottom if you hope to get streak-free windows or mirrors. Let gravity work its way while you are cleaning. The cleaning solution will drip to the bottom as you continue cleaning. The solution will drip to unwashed areas. By beginning at the top, no drips will end up dirtying the glass surfaces that you have already flawlessly cleaned.

Clean Windows on a Cloudy Day

It may be thought that washing needs to be done on a sunny day since you can see dirt clearly. Washing windows on a sunny day can lead to the premature drying of the cleaning solution. This, in turn, may leave streaks and residue on your windows. A cloudy day is perfect for washing since the cleaning solution doesn’t dry up quickly. You have time to sufficiently clean your windows leaving it with a brilliant streak-free sparkle.

Use a Squeegee

This simple tool can make an astounding difference when it comes to glass surfaces. The first wipe may not always remove the cleaning solution from a glass surface. To completely eliminate any streaks, you should rewipe areas that still have the solution. Still, it becomes effortless to polish sections of the window when you opt for the usage of a squeegee. For tall windows, you’ll need to have a long-handled squeegee. Such a squeegee comes in handy for the cleaning of both shower walls as well as doors.

Use Cotton Swabs to Get to Corners

Residue always has a way of building up within glass corners regardless of the amount of effort you put to prevent this from happening. Cleaning this residue isn’t a walk in the park either. The right tool is required to get to this residue. Cotton swabs are ideal when it comes to reaching troublesome areas of your windows. They are perfect for this job.

Go For an Old T-Shirt

Old t-shirts usually don’t have any lint residue. They can efficiently help in window cleaning since they are quite absorbent ensuring a window becomes polished clean. This makes such t-shirts ideal for the job. Additionally, money can be saved by reducing household costs through the use of old tees rather than paper towels. This is also great for the environment.

Try Homemade Window Cleaners

Homemade solutions at times deliver the best results. They don’t comprise of unknown chemicals. Besides, they are more economical. One cup of water, one cup of rubbing alcohol and a tablespoon of vinegar should be mixed for the production of a homemade glass cleaner. A quick vapourising spray cleaner is produced when white vinegar and isopropyl alcohol are mixed which can give commercial brands are run for their money. Chrome, hard tiles and various other surfaces can be cleaned using this solution.

Use Newspapers

Some people depend on newspapers when it comes to polishing glass surfaces. Newspapers actually work well when it comes to cleaning glass surfaces. However, many people don’t fancy the idea of having newsprint on their hands. When wet, newspapers also don’t hold up well. Newspapers can be worth a shot if you are not into cloth and towels. Get gloves if you aren’t a fan of newsprint but like how the glass looks.

Avoid Woodwork

Damage can be done to the framed wood areas by many window and glass cleaners. Make sure that drips don’t fall on the woodwork close to glass surfaces. For the absorption of these drips, get a small cloth to place on the windowsill or wood. Still, don’t spray too much cleaning solution at one go. Rather, spray small bits of the solution on the window as you clean from the top to bottom of mirrors or windows.

There are many people who just love sweets. They want to have them whenever they can. These types of people have a sweet tooth and they love to satisfy it. They know that too much sugar is bad for them and they still want the taste of something sweet. This is why many people switch to using honey. Honey can provide them with the sweet taste that they are craving without the ill effects that too much sugar will have on them.

Where Does Honey Come From?

Honey comes from the nectar that bees collect from flowering plants. They bring the honey to their hive and put it into honeycombs. When people come to get the honey from the honeycomb, using extractors such as Flux Pumps, this is called beekeeping. This is how they get the honey to be sold in the stores for consumers to purchase it.

How is Honey Good for People?

There are health benefits associated with honey. People love that they can utilize it to stay healthy and avoid the bad effects of pure sugar. Here are some of the health benefits that people can obtain from ingesting honey on a regular basis:

1. Better Heart Health

People who like honey will find that their heart will be in better health because of it. They can correct cholesterol problems with the use of honey. It also helps in other heart ailments too. People like this idea because they know that plain sugar can cause a lot of problems with their heart and other systems in their bodies.

2. Increased Immune System

Honey is known to boost the immune system. People put honey in their tea so that they will feel better when they have a cold or the flu. Since it also has anti-oxidants present in it, it can prevent diseases like cancer and keep a person much healthier than they would be if they didn’t have honey in their diet. People say that they feel better when they have honey in their diet.

3. Healing Properties

Some people find that honey has healing properties. It assists in helping wounds to heal in a quicker manner. It is also soothing when it is mixed with lotion for people to use for dry skin.

What do People Use Honey For?

Since people know that honey is better for them than sugar, they are finding ways that they can use it in their diets more. Honey also comes in a wonderful range of varieties. The different varieties of honey include orange blossom, sage, buckwheat, clover, and more. Here is what people can use honey for:

1. Toppings

One way that people love to use honey is with their desserts. It makes a wonderful topping for ice creams and pies. It is also an added benefit when mixed in with pastry dessert recipes.

2. Sauces

The taste of a sweet and sour sauce is divine. People use it in their sauces for plates of pasta, seafood dishes, and a lot more.

3. Sweetener

In coffee and tea, honey provides an excellent way to sweeten it up. It can also be used on all types of other beverages and foods to give them a sweeter taste.

Having honey around in a person’s home is a way to sweeten foods and beverages while remaining healthy. More and more people are using honey in place of sugar so that they can reap the health benefits that honey comes with. Since this is the case, people are able to have better health and stay trim, as long as they don’t overdo their intake of honey.